by memory
Definition
Adverb * By committing to memory; from memory, without the aid of written or printed material. This phrase describes the act of recalling or performing something that has been thoroughly memorized.
Usage
The phrase "by memory" is used to indicate that someone is recalling or performing something based solely on what they have memorized, without looking at a source text or notes. It is often interchangeable with "by heart," though "by heart" can imply a deeper, more intuitive familiarity.
Examples
- The pianist played the entire sonata by memory.
- She can recite all the state capitals by memory.
- The actor delivered his long monologue by memory.
- I don't need the recipe; I can make this dish by memory.
Advanced Usage
- "From memory": This is a very common synonym for "by memory." The choice between them is often stylistic.
- He drew the map from memory.
Variants and Related Words
- Memorize (verb): To learn something so that you can remember it exactly.
- He memorized his speech.
- Memorization (noun): The process of memorizing.
- Rote memorization is one learning technique.
Synonyms
- By heart
- From memory
- By rote (specifically implies memorization through repetition, often without full understanding)
Related Phrases
- Off by heart: Another common phrase with the same meaning as "by memory."
- She learned the poem off by heart.
Adverb
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by committing to memory
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she knew the poem by heart
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